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 Django: Django is a leading open-source backend framework based on the python programming language. It is highly suitable for the development of feature-rich and sophisticated software products and applications. Django is considered to be one of the best backend development frameworks.

 Laravel: Laravel is an open-source PHP web-based framework for developing web applications that follow Model View Controller (MVC) architecture. Lavarel is rated as one of the best backend frameworks for software development. Laravel has MIT License and also has an open-source code repository on GitHub.

 Ruby on Rails: Ruby on Rails, also known as Rails, is a Ruby-based server-side framework. It is one of the best frameworks for web development. Ruby on Rails uses standards like XML and JSON for parsing and CSS, HTML and JavaScript for interfacing.

 ExpressJS: Express.js, also known as Express, is a Node, js-based open-source web application framework. It is widely used for building APIs and Web Applications. ExpressJS is a MEAN stack back-end component along with MongoDB database and AngularJS front-end framework.

 Once the software development/coding is completed, it is deployed in the testing environment. This phase is known as Testing or Software Testing. In this phase, developed software is tested in detail by the software testing team and the defects found are assigned to software developers to be fixed. This process is repeated until the software is bug-free, stable, and works according to set standards.

 A testing approach is the test strategy to be implemented in a project. The testing Approach defines how testing should be carried out. There are different testing approaches, but the most common ones are as follows:

 Black Box Testing is a software testing method where software applications’ functionalities are tested without knowing the internal code structure, internal paths, and implementation details. Black Box testing is also known as behavioral testing. Here the software testers are only aware of what the software is supposed to do, not how it does it.

 White Box Testing is a software testing method in which the design, coding, and internal structures of software are tested. White Box testing is done to verify the flow of software and improve its design, security, and performance. White box testing is also known as Transparent box testing, Clear box testing, Open box testing, Glass box testing, and Codebase testing.

 Grey Box Testing or Gray Box testing is a software testing method to test software applications or software products with partial knowledge of the application’s internal structure. So it can be said that Grey Box testing is a combination of Black Box testing and White Box testing.

 Apart from these testing approaches, Software Testing can be divided into many different types. Let’s take a look at some of the well-known types of testing.

 Unit Testing: It is a testing method that focuses on the smallest units of a software design. A single or a group of interrelated units are tested in unit testing. Software developers usually do it by giving inputs and observing their output.

 Integration Testing: The objective of integration testing is to take unit-tested components and build a program structure according to design. In integration testing, a group of components is combined for testing.

 Regression Testing: The addition of new modules leads to changes in programming. Regression Testing makes sure that software product or application works properly even after the addition of new modules.

 Smoke Testing: Smoke Testing is a software testing process that determines whether the build software is stable or not. Smoke Testing is a confirmation for the QA team to proceed with further testing.

 Alpha Testing: It is a type of validation testing. It is a type of acceptance testing that is done before delivering the software product or application to the customer. The QA team mainly does alpha Testing.

 Beta Testing: Beta testing is performed from the customer’s end. This testing version is released in a real-time testing environment for limited users to test.

 System Testing: In this testing method, the software is tested in such a way that it works fine for different operating systems. System Testing is a type of Black Box testing. Here the focus is given on inputs and desired outputs without considering the internal structure.

 Stress Testing: Stress Testing is a software testing activity done to determine the robustness of software by testing beyond the limits of the standard operating environment.

 Performance Testing: Performance Testing is done to test the run-time performance of the software. It is used to test the speed, accuracy, and effectiveness of the software system or application. It is also called Load Testing.

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 Object-Oriented Testing: Object-Oriented Testing is a combination of multiple testing methods used to test object-oriented software. It is used chiefly for test plans and for executing the project.

 Software Testing Life Cycle is a sequence of specific activities conducted during the testing process to meet the goals of qualitative software. STLC involves validation as well as verification activities. STLC is a fundamental part of the SDLC process.

 Requirement Analysis: Requirement Analysis is also known as the Requirement Testing phase. Here, testing teams study requirements from a testing point of view. At the same time, the QA team interacts with the stakeholders to understand requirements in detail.

 Test Planning: Test Planning in STLC is a phase where a senior QA Manager plans the test strategy. Here the resources, test environment, test schedule, and test limitations are determined.

 Test Case Development: In the Test Case Development phase, the testing team noted the details of the test cases. The testing team also prepared the test data in this phase.

 Test Environment Setup: Test Environment Setup is a phase where the hardware and software criteria are decided in which a software product or application is to be tested. It is an important aspect of STLC.

 Test Execution: In the test execution phase, the testing team starts executing test cases based on test case development and test environment setup.

 Test Execution: In the test execution phase, the testing team starts executing test cases based on test case development and test environment setup.

 Once the testing phase is completed, the software application or product is deployed in a production environment or UAT (User Acceptance Testing), depending upon the customer’s requirements. Sometimes the deployment happens in stages as per the business strategy of a software development company.

 Every software company has its own process for software deployment. But overall, software deployment can be determined in three phases: preparation, testing, and deployment.

 Preparation: In the preparation stage, software developers gather all the code, functions, libraries, files, and resources needed for the software application to function. Together these items are packaged as a single software release.

 Deployment: Once the software is fully tested, it is pushed to a live environment. Software developers may run a set of scripts to update relevant databases before the software goes live. The final step is to check for errors and bugs on the live server.

 After the deployment of software into the production environment, maintenance and updates of the product are done. If issues come up and needs fixing or enhancements, they are taken care of by the software developers.

 Adaptive Maintenance: Adaptive Maintenance in an application or software is done when a customer wants it to run on a new platform or operating system with new hardware or software.

 Software Update is a way for a software developer to make changes and fine-tune the software to make it the best it can be. Software Updates have frequent small improvements instead of any major changes. Software Updates sometimes run automatically as a background process and sometimes come in a downloadable form. Software Update is necessary for a product or application to be running successfully.

 Software development companies and software developers follow SDLC models in their software development process to manage a project efficiently. SDLC Models are also known as Software Development Methodologies.

 Depending upon the project requirements, software developers choose a specific SDLC Model and stick to it through the entire Software Development Life Cycle. Each software development methodology (SDLC Model) has its strengths and weaknesses, and each SDLC Model exists for a specific reason.